The concept of civilization was closely tied to agriculture, as the cultivation of land represents humanity’s transformation of nature. This transi…[详细]

Another defining feature of Qin’s social stratification was its pragmatism. Scholars have identified multiple political, economic, and legal privil…[详细]

When it comes to change, contemporary China varies greatly from ancient China both in the economic base and superstructure, particularly after more …[详细]

To conclude, the Global Middle Ages is by no means a precise and proper concept because its connotations, extensions, and core features are not yet …[详细]

Historians are now exploring new technologies, which are poised to significantly enhance the development of historical databases and upgrade applica…[详细]

Culture can be defined in both the broad and narrow sense. Narrowly it focuses on creation and accumulation within intellectual fields, while the br…[详细]

In ancient Chinese texts, civilization emphasizes human virtues, which resembles the definition offered by Mirabeau. However, in traditional Chinese…[详细]

Western Eurasia and North Africa set a natural stage for civilizational exchanges around the Mediterranean. As a whole, they formed a “Western worl…[详细]

Slow development and stagnation are different concepts which should not be conflated.[详细]