Social Sciences in China (Chinese Edition)

No.11, 2020

Analysis of the Three-Stage Theory of the Evolution of Ancient Chinese Society

(Abstract)

Yi Jianping

Mr Su Bingqi’s theory of social evolution （of ancient Chinese society） is one of the most influential theoretical explorations of the origin of Chinese civilization and has gained wide respect among scholars. However, his definition of core concepts like “ancient culture”, “ancient cities” and “ancient states” is unclear, and he fails to provide an accurate and consistent explanation of the relationship between these core ideas and traditional concepts such as “primitive culture”, “prehistoric culture” and “civilization”. At times there are even logical conflicts between these definitions and statements. Moreover, the major descriptive terms “three-stage”, “trilogy” and “three modes” are not consistent. “Trilogy” is a literary term and is not really suited to describing the laws governing the progress of human society. In particular, Mr Su’s theoretical innovations ignored some basic scientific procedures. Such problems have seriously affected the accurate expression and effective dissemination of his theory on society’s evolution; the work needs to be clarified and distinctions need to be drawn. Mr Su’s theory, which was developed in the early stage of the exploration of the origin of Chinese civilization, was limited by the thinking and methodology of his times. His successors need to employ more rigorous scientific procedures and methods in developing theories, including conceptual innovation, while ceaselessly introducing theories of origin of civilization and state that are more in line with China’s indigenous realities, and developing a strong voice and influence in international scholarship.