China Social Science Review

No.3, 2024

A Review of the Stage Theory of Civilization in Early China Studies

(Abstract)

Lai Quping

The overall framework of civilization theory covers aspects of the stage theory of civilization and the typology of civilization. With regard to the evolution of early Chinese civilization and the division of its stages, there are three stages centred on three dynasties and four stages of the Emperor’s kingship in ancient times, while today’s theory includes different divisions ranging from the three stages to the six stages. The differences, similarities and characteristics of the ancient and modern theories can be seen by examining the theories of philosophy, history of thought, archaeology, and anthropology. It is crucial to maintain the “three dynasties” as a complete concept of the stage theory of civilization. In contrast, the significance of the cultural continuity of Wu and the changes at the time of Yin and Zhou are more appropriately viewed in the context of a typology of civilization. The criteria for dividing the stage theory of civilization include at least two points: the spiritual level (the relationship between heaven and man) and the institutional level (the system of government and religion). A systematic examination of early Chinese civilization and its basic stages will help to understand China and its civilization.